Antibiograms

1. Non-duplicate isolates from blood, urine and respiratory specimens. Interpreted according to CLSI. Nonsusceptible include both intermediate & resistant.
2. Results for Enterobacteriaceae were interpreted according to CLSI M100-S20.
3. HoPL Int J Antimicrob Agents 2010;36:469 and J Hosp Infect 2010;74:358
4. Overall prevalance of extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBL) were 22% for Klebsiella species, 28% for E. coli. ESBL-producing strains should be interpreted as resistant to all penicillins, cephalosporins and aztreonam.
5. In S. pneumoniae, resistance to azrithromycin & clarithromycin can be predicted by testing erythromycin (CLSI M100-S20).
6. Most had other risk factor such as past hospitalization and nursing home residence.
7. Test performed on non-urine isolates only.
8. HoPL J Antimicrob Chemo 2009;63:836
9. According to breakpoint for parenteral cefuroxime sodium.
10. Urine isolates only.
11. , indicate 10% or more reduction in resistance rate compared to 2016.
    
    , indicate ≥10% increase in resistance rate compared to 2016.

* Including MIC ≤ 0.06 (39.4%), MIC 0.09-1 (31.7%), MIC 1.5-2 (21.8%), MIC 3-6 (7.0%)
%Penicllin sensitive: meningitis breakpoint at MIC ≤0.06 = 43.8% and non-meningitis breakpoint at MIC≤2 = 93.0%
* Abbreviation: Amp, Ampicillin; Amo, Amoxicillin Pip, Pipercillin; Tic, Ticaraillin; Cef, Cefoperazone