Abbreviations
ABECB |
Acute bacterial exacerbation of chronic bronchitis |
ACBC |
Acinetobacter baumannii-calcoaceticus complex |
ADR |
Adverse drug reactions |
AGEP |
Acute generalised exanthematous pustulosis |
ALT |
Alanine aminotransferase |
AMR |
Antibiotic Resistance |
b.i.d. |
Twice a day |
CA-MRSA |
Community-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus |
CAP |
Community-acquired pneumonia |
CAPD |
Continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis |
CC17 |
Clonal complex 17 |
CDC |
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention |
CFU |
Colony-forming unit |
CHP |
Centre for Health Protection |
CK |
Creatine kinase |
CLSI |
Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute |
COVID-19 |
Coronavirus Disease 2019 |
CPE |
Carbapenemase-producing Enterobacterales |
CRAB |
Carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii |
CRE |
Carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales |
cIAI |
Complicated intra-abdominal infections |
cSSTI |
Complicated skin and soft tissue infections |
cUTI |
Complicated urinary tract infections |
DH |
Department of Health |
DNA |
Deoxyribonucleic acid |
DPT |
Drug provocation test |
DRESS |
Drug reaction with eosinophilia & systemic symptoms |
DRSP |
Drug-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae |
EAEC |
Enteroaggregative Escherichia coli |
EDTA |
Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid |
ERCP |
Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography |
ESBL |
Extended-spectrum β-lactamase |
ESBL-E |
Extended-spectrum-β-lactamases-producing Enterobacterales |
ETEC |
Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli |
FQ |
Fluoroquinolone |
GDP |
Gross domestic product |
GLASS |
Global Antimicrobial Resistance and Use Surveillance System |
HA |
Hospital Authority |
HA-MRSA |
Hospital-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus |
HABP |
Hospital-acquired bacterial pneumonia |
HACEK |
Haemophilus spp., Aggregatibacter spp., Cardiobacterium hominis, Eikenella corrodens, Kingella spp. |
HAP |
Hospital-acquired pneumonia |
HDU |
High dependency unit |
HIV |
Human immunodeficiency virus |
HK-DADI |
Hong Kong Drug Allergy Delabelling Initiative |
HKSAR |
Hong Kong Special Administrative Region |
HKWC |
Hong Kong West Cluster |
I.M. |
Intramuscular |
I.V. |
Intravenous |
ICARE |
Intensive Care Antimicrobial Resistance Epidemiology |
ICU |
Intensive care unit |
ID |
Infectious disease |
IDT |
Intradermal tests |
IVDU |
Intravenous drug user |
IVIG |
Intravenous immunoglobulin |
KCC |
Kowloon Central Cluster |
KEC |
Kowloon East Cluster |
KPC |
Klebsiella pneumoniae carbapenemase |
MAO |
Monoamine oxidase |
MDR |
Multidrug-resistant |
MDRO |
Multi-drug resistant organisms |
MIC |
Minimum inhibitory concentration |
MRAB |
Multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii |
MRMP |
Macrolide-resistant Mycoplasma pneumoniae |
MRSA |
Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus |
MSSA |
Methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus |
MSU |
Midstream urine |
N/A |
Not applicable |
NDM |
New Delhi metallo-β-lactamase |
OAT1 |
Organic anion transporter 1 |
OPAT |
Outpatient Parenteral Antimicrobial Therapy |
P.O. |
By mouth |
PBP |
Penicillin-binding protein |
PCR |
Polymerase chain reaction |
PD |
Pharmacodynamics |
PHLSB |
Public Health Laboratory Services Branch |
PID |
Pelvic inflammatory disease |
PK |
Pharmacokinetic |
PT |
Patch tests |
PVL |
Panton-Valentine leukocidin |
QMH |
Queen Mary Hospital |
q.i.d. |
Four times daily |
q12h |
Every 12 hours |
RCT |
Randomised controlled trial |
RNA |
Ribonucleic acid |
RTE food |
Ready-to-eat food |
rRNA |
Ribosomal RNA |
SCAR |
Severe Cutaneous Adverse Reactions |
SCC |
Staphylococcal Cassette Chromosome |
SIADH |
Syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion |
SJS |
Stevens-Johnson syndrome |
SPT |
Skin prick tests |
SSI |
Surgical Site Infection |
SSTI |
Skin and soft tissue infections |
TB |
Tuberculosis |
TEN |
Toxic epidermal necrolysis |
TPPB |
Transperineal prostate biopsy |
TRPB |
Transrectal prostate biopsy |
TURBT |
Transurethral resection of bladder tumour |
TURP |
Transurethral resection of the prostate |
VABP |
Ventilator-associated bacterial pneumonia |
VRE |
Vancomycin-resistant Enterococci |
VREfm |
Vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium |
WHO |
World Health Organization |
XDR |
Extensively drug-resistant |