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Abbreviations
| ABECB | Acute bacterial exacerbation of chronic bronchitis |
| AMR | Antimicrobial resistance |
| ASP | Antimicrobial stewardship programme |
| b.d. | Twice a day |
| CABSI | Catheter-associated blood stream infection |
| CA-MRSA | Community-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus |
| CAP | Community-acquired pneumonia |
| cap. | Capsule |
| CBA | Colistin base activity |
| CC17 | Clonal complex17 |
| CDC | Centers for Disease Control and Prevention |
| CFU | Colony-forming unit |
| CHP | Centre for Health Protection |
| CLSI | Clinical laboratory standards institute |
| CPE | Carbapenemase-producing Enterobacteriaceae |
| CRAB | Carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii |
| CRE | Carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae |
| CSF | Cerebrospinal fluid |
| DRSP | Drug-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae |
| ESBL | Extended-spectrum β-lactamase |
| FDA | Food and Drug Administration |
| g | Gram |
| HA | Hospital Authority |
| HACEK | Haemophilus species, Aggregatibacter species, Cardiobacterium hominis, Eikenella corrodens, Kingella species |
| HA-MRSA | Healthcare-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus |
| HAP | Hospital-acquired pneumonia |
| HDU | High dependency unit |
| HIV | Human immunodeficiency virus |
| HK | Hong Kong |
| HSCT | Haematopoietic stem cell transplantation |
| I.M. | Intramuscular |
| I.V. | Intravenous |
| ICU | Intensive care unit |
| IU | International units |
| IVDU | Intravenous drug user |
| kg | Kilogram |
| LD | Legionnaires’ disease |
| MDR-TB | Multidrug-resistant tuberculosis |
| μg | Microgram |
| mg | Milligram |
| MIC | Minimal inhibitory concentration |
| mL | Millilitre |
| MRAB | Multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii |
| MRMP | Macrolide-resistant Mycoplasma pneumoniae |
| MRSA | Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus |
| MS-MRSA | Multi-susceptible methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus |
| MSSA | Methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus |
| NDM | New Delhi metallo-ß-lactamase |
| P.O. | Per oral |
| PCR | Polymerase chain reaction |
| PID | Pelvic inflammatory disease |
| PVL | Panton-Valentine leukocidin |
| q.i.d. | Four times daily |
| SAP | Severe acute pancreatitis |
| spp. | Species |
| syr. | Syrup |
| t.d.s. | Three times daily |
| tab. | Tablet |
| TB | Tuberculosis |
| TTP | Time to positivity |
| UAT | Urinary Legionella antigen test |
| VRE | Vancomycin-resistant enterococci |
| VREfm | Vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium |
| WBC | White blood cell |
| XDR-TB | Extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis |
