Antibiograms

Indicate ≥ 10% reduction in resistance rate compared to 2014
Indicate ≥ 10% increase in resistance rate compared to 2014

1. Organisms isolates from blood, urine and respiratory specimens. Interpreted according to CLSL.
2. Cefoxitin was used to detect methicillin-resistant Staphylococci.
3. Susceptibility not performed on urine isolates.
4. Test performed on urine isolates only.
5. Overall prevalence of extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBL) were 28% for E.coli, 11% for Klebsiella species. ESBL-producing strains should be interpreted as resistant to all penicillins, cephalosporins and aztreonam.
6. % of MRSA among Staphylococcus aureus isolated from blood, urine and respiratory specimens: 61% in non-ICU & -HDU and 45% in ICU & HDU.
7. The 181 strains of Streptococcus pneumoniae were from respiratory specimens. In addition, there were 6 invasive isolates of Streptococcus pneumoniae in blood; % Penicillin resistant: meningitis breakpoint at MIC ≥ 0.12 = 0%. In Streptococcus pneumoniae, resistance to azithromycin & clarithromycin can be predicted by testing erythromycin (CLSI M100-S25).
8. Except Streptococcus agalactiae (group B) and Streptococcus pneumoniae.
9. Include Adult ICU and Neurosurgical HDU.
10. Overall prevalance of extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBL) were 41% for E.coli, 14% for Klebsiella species. ESBL-producing strains should be interpreted as resistant to all penicillins, cephalosporins and aztreonam.