*In patients with normal renal function.

†For patients allergic to cefazolin, vancomycin 1 g administered over a 2-hour infusion can serve as an alternative. It is important to note that the rapid intravenous administration of vancomycin may result in hypotension, which poses a particular risk during the induction of anaesthesia.

‡For antimicrobials with a short half-life (e.g. cefazolin) used before long procedures, redosing in the operating room is recommended at an interval of approximately two times the half-life of the agent in patients with normal renal function. Recommended redosing intervals marked as “not applicable” (N/A) are based on typical case length; for unusually long procedures, redosing may be needed.