Tables & Figures: Table 1.2: Intrinsic and Associated Resistance to Antimicrobial Agents Among Five Nosocomial Pathogens

Tables

Table 1.2: Intrinsic and Associated Resistance to Antimicrobial Agents Among Five Nosocomial Pathogens

Bacteria	Intrinsic resistance	Associated resistance
MRSA	All β-lactams¹, β-lactam/β-lactamase inhibitor combinations	Common: erythromycin, clindamycin, aminoglycosides, cotrimoxazole, fluoroquinolones
VREfm	Glycopeptides, cotrimoxazole, clindamycin, aminoglycosides	Common: ampicillin, carbapenems, fluoroquinolones, high level aminoglycoside resistance
ESBL-E	All cephalosporins including third-generation cephalosporins, (variable activity against fourth-generation cephalosporins), all penicillins and monobactams	Common: fluoroquinolones, aminoglycosides, cotrimoxazole
CRE	All β-lactams including carbapenem (except monobactam)	Common: fluoroquinolones, aminoglycosides, cotrimoxazole
CRAB	Cross-resistance to other β-lactams is common	Common: fluoroquinolones, aminoglycosides, cotrimoxazole
¹ Except anti-MRSA cephalosporins such as ceftaroline. CRAB, Carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii; CRE, Carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales; ESBL-E, extended-spectrum-β-lactamases-producing Enterobacterales; VREfm, vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium